請問英語「個」怎麼說?「件」怎麼說?

題目：

請問英語「個」怎麼說?「件」怎麼說?

解答：

漢語量詞與英文用法對照
1、一羣
一羣人 a crowd／group／multitude／throng／army／team／class of people；a gang／swarm／horde／pack／band of people（in a derogatory way）
troop 通常指聚在一起活動的、生氣勃勃的一羣人.如：
a troop of demonstrators／shoppers／visitors
bevy 特指女性的「一羣」,有時指鳥類,尤指鵪鶉或雲雀.如：
a bevy of actresses／young women／ladies／shop girls／quails
表貶義的「一羣」有：a mob of angry people／rioters／slaves／liars／blackguards
horde 原意爲遊牧部落,通常含有輕蔑色彩：
a horde of lazy-bones／swindlers／locusts／hooligans
band；gang 常指「幫」：
a band of robbers／gangsters／thieves／outlaws
a gang of criminals／slaves／prisoners
一羣牛、象、馬、天鵝 a herd of cattle／elephants／horses／swans
一羣鳥 a flock of birds／geese／hens／goats／swallows／sheep／chickens
一羣獵狗 a pack of hounds／wolves／grouse
一羣狐狸 a skulk of foxes
一羣獅子 a pride of lions
一羣星星 a cluster of stars
一羣魚 a school／shoal of fish／shrimps
一羣馬 a stud／drove of horses
一羣鵝 a gaggle／flock of geese
一羣蚊子／蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes／butterflies
一羣（窩）螞蟻 a colony of ants／bees
一羣建築物 a clump／complex of buildings
2、一絲／點／層／片
一片草皮 a chunk of turf
一絲睡意 a wink of sleep
一絲懷疑 a shadow of doubt
一點點工作 a stroke of work
一線未來之光 a glimpse of future
一縷月光 a streak of moonlight／amber（fig）
一絲綠意；一片綠色 a tint of green
一片心意 a small token of our hearts
一絲嫉妒；一陣窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy／embarrassment
一絲惻隱之心 a sign of sympathy for...
一絲懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
一層霜／雪／糖霜 a layer of frost／snow／cream
一絲失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
（剩下）一口氣／一絲氣 a spark／breath of life
一絲失望的情緒 a taint／faint of disappointment
一片漆黑 completely dark；dismal night；pitch dark
一片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英譯「一陣」,頗有學問,且看以下譯例
（突然爆發出的）一陣哭泣／喝彩／炮擊／雷聲
a burst of tears／cheers／gunfire／thunder
（量如洪水的）一陣淚雨／瓢潑大雨／誇誇其談
a flood of tears／rain／boasts
少量或稀疏的
一陣（小）雨／射擊 a spatter of rain／bullets
一陣稀疏的掌聲／喝彩 a spatter of applause／cheers
聲響很大的
一陣隆隆的炮聲／雷聲 a peal of artillery／thunder
突然而猛烈的
一陣暴雨／狂風／烈火 a gust／blast of rain／wind／flame
持續短暫的
一陣怒氣／激情／咳嗽 a fit of anger／passion／coughing
一陣嘔吐 a vomiting fit
持續一段時間的
一陣厄運／暑熱 a spell of bad luck／summer heat
一陣寒潮 a cold spell of weather
一陣昏厥 a fainting spell
（針捻刀刺般的）一陣內疚／牙痛／風溼痛 a twinge of remorse／toothache／rheumatism
一陣尷尬 a twinge of embarrassment
（抽搐或顫抖的）一陣痛苦／傷心／咳嗽／激動 a spasm of pain／grief／coughing／excitement
雹打雨淋般的
一陣轟炸／打擊／咒罵 a hail of bombs／blows／curse
一陣彈雨／批評 a shower of bullets／criticism
更多的例子
一陣歡樂 an agony of joy
一陣子愛意 a flush of love
一點點工作 a stroke of work
一陣心臟病發作 a stroke of heart attack
一點點滿足 a crumb of satisfaction
一種混亂的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、「一陣」爲何有這麼多不同的譯法
其實原因很簡單,漢語「一陣」這個數量詞不含修辭色彩,可用於各類描述；而在英語中,「一陣」這個概念則是由許多不同的名詞來表述的,而且這些詞一般分別具有不同的修辭色彩.如：
spatter 「少量」,「稀疏」之義；
peal 專指一陣響亮或轟鳴的聲音；
twinge 特指肉體或心靈上的一陣劇烈的刺痛；
burst 泛指突然爆發出的一陣,有突如其來之感；
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很濃,有雹打雨淋之感；
spell常用於描述天氣、疾病等,表持續一陣子；
flood一詞比喻色彩濃厚,給人以量如洪水,滔滔不絕之感；
gust則專指風、雨、雹、火、煙等的突然而猛烈的一陣.也可用喻感情的猛烈進發；
fit常指持續時間短暫的一陣——尤指疾病的短暫發作或感情的短暫進發；
spasm原指痙攣,抽搐,用於動作、感情的一陣突發時,表抽搐或渾身顫抖之感.
由此可見,英譯「一陣」,宜細心推敲,酌情翻譯.
5、其他類似的漢譯英所用的修辭性的用法
a）暗喻Metaphor
一串香蕉a hand of bananas
顆顆汗珠beads of sweat
一長串汽車a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b）借代Metonymy
一串珍珠 a rope of pearls
一爐鋼 a heat of steel
一年三熟 three crops a year
一大羣飛機 a cloud of planes
林立的煙囪 a forest of chimneys
一片沙灘 a beach of sands
c）誇張Hyperbole
多如牛毛的問題 a sea of troubles
一大筆錢 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
開懷大笑 gales of laughter
無數次 heaps of times
小不點 a dot of child
一小撮敵人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不絕的話語 a flood of words
6、英語常用單位詞及漢語對應詞（Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents）
piece塊；片；段；項；件；篇；首；幅；張
a piece of bread／paper／wood／furniture／land／advice／news／meat／cloth／music...
bit一點；一些；一片
a bit of water／wood／grass／trouble...
item條；則；項
an item of news／information／business／programme...
article件；項；條
an article of furniture／clothing／luggage／export...
grain粒；顆
a grain of ricce／wheat／salt／sand...
drop滴
a drop of water／oil／rain／blood／dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat／bread／cake／ham...
cake塊
a cake of soap／mud／ice...
bar塊；條
a bar of chocolate／candy／soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn／rice／wheat／millet...
loaf塊；條
a loaf of bread...
lump塊；團
a lump of clay／sugar／earth...
spiral盤
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副；盒
a pack of cards／cigarettes
fistful（s）一把
a fistful of sand／rice...
handful（s）一把
a handful of soil...
armful（s）一抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful（s）一杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful（s）一口
a mouthful of snow／whys...
spoonful（s）一湯匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful（s）一鏟
a spadeful of coal...
bagful（s）一袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是「對……大飽眼福」
truckload一貨車
a truckload of apples...
shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload一卡車
a lorryload of iron...
fit一陣子
a fit of coughing／fever／laughter／anger／...
ray一線
a ray of hope／intelligence／sunlight…
peal一陣
a peal of thunder／laughter／applause...
flash閃現一下
a flash of hope／lightening／wit...
display炫耀一下
a display of power／courage／force／learning／skill...
attack一疾病的發作
an attack of fever／malaria
group組；羣；批
a group of students...
team隊：組
a team of experts／footballers／scientists...
gang幫；伙；羣；隊；組
a gang of four／thieves／robbers...
army大羣；隊
an army of beggars／ants／bees...
troop羣；伙
a troop of soldiers...
host大羣
a host of friends／heroes...
pack羣；伙
a pack of liars／thieves／rascals／hounds...
band幫；伙
a band of music（players）／brigands...
choir隊；組；羣
a choir of singers...
bunch串；束；掛；羣；幫；伙
a bunch of bananas／fools／flowers／keys／thieves．
bouquet束；把
bouquet of flowers
string串；掛；節
a string of beads／pearls／words／thread
sheaf p1．sheaves捆；束
a sheaf of wheat／arrows／papers
crew幫；伙；全體
a crew of sailors／pilots
party組；伙；批
a party of guests／children...
batch批
a batch of letters／telegrams／visitors...
gaggle羣
a gaggle of geese／girls...
litter一窩
a litter of kittens／little piglets／puppies...
herd羣
a herd of elephants／deer／cattle...s
swarm羣
a swarm of ants／locusts／bees／people／stars...
cluster串；束；羣；組
a cluster of flowers／grapes／bees／islands／stars...
a cluster of butterflies／grapes／berries／consonants／houses
brood窩；羣；組
a brood of chickens／paintings／thieves...
school羣
a school of whales／dolphins...
shoal羣
a shoal of fish／whales／people...
flock羣
a flock of geese／birds／pigeons／ducks／visitors／customers...
dozen一打
a dozen（of）pencils／eggs／red roses...
gross一羅
a gross of nails／pencils／can openers...
pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
mound一大堆
a mound（mouthful）maybes滿嘴的可能
clump一羣
a clump of islands／buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train一列
a train of cars一列火車廂
pot一鍋
a pot of soup／tea／water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 漢英表量的對應名詞（Quantity and amount in both languages）
中英文都有表量的手法,除了常見的平鋪直敘的說法,還有一些修辭性說法.如：
a sea of people／flames／blood／flags／flowers／happy faces 如海般的／如潮一樣的人羣；火海；血海；旗海；花海；無數幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble／time／space／cheering 無窮的麻煩；無休止的時間；浩瀚的宇宙；歡樂的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 一片歡騰
a chorus of protest／praise 一片抗議之聲／讚揚之聲
a trove of Chinese porcelain 一批中國磁器
a grove of coco（a）nut／bamboo 一片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 一片燈火
a mountain of debts／rubbish／money／dirty clothes 債台高築／垃圾如山；家財萬貫；一大堆髒衣服