全倒裝句與半倒裝句區別

題目:

全倒裝句與半倒裝句區別

解答:

1. 完全倒裝
1) 完全倒裝即把整個謂語放到主語之前(是整個謂語動詞,而非助動詞).
例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老師走了進來,然後開始上課.)
2) there引出的完全倒裝句:除了最常見的there be句型以外,there還可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都譯成"有"的含義,構成完全倒裝句.
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(遠處有個穿黑色衣服的人.)
3) 由地點和時間副詞引出的完全倒裝句:以地點副詞here, there和時間副詞now, then 開頭,後面的動詞是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主語又是名詞時,構成完全倒裝句.
例:Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.(那棵樹下坐著一位美麗的姑娘.)
例:_________ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him.
A) Jumped down the burglar B) Down the burglar jumped
C) The burglar jumps down D) Down jumped the burglar
答案是D) Down jumped the burglar.因爲地點狀語Down位於句首應該用完全倒裝,整個謂語動詞應位於主語之前.C) The burglar jumps down雖然是自然語序,但時態錯誤,應該用和時間狀語從句一致的過去時,而不是現在時.
注意:
1) 在here, there引出的倒裝句中,當主語是普通名詞時用完全倒裝句,但當主語是代詞時,就要用部分倒裝句.
例:Here comes the postman!(郵遞員終於來了!注意實意謂語動詞位於主語之前.)
Here we are.(我們到了.注意系動詞位於主語代詞之後.)
2) 注意正語序和倒裝語序的語氣、意義是區別:
例:Here is the picture I love.(這正是我所喜愛的畫.)
The picture I love is here.(我所喜愛的畫在這裡.)
3) 當主語是代詞,謂語是系動詞,表語是說明性的詞、詞組和定語從句時,可以使用完全倒裝句,起強調作用.
例:Lucky is he who has been enrolled into a famous university.(他真幸運,被一所名牌大學錄取了.)
2. 部分倒裝
1) 部分倒裝即只把謂語的一部分(如助動詞、情態動詞等)放到主語前,或把句子的強調成分提前.
例:_______ right now, she would get there on Sunday.
A) Would she leave B) if she leave
C) were she to leave D) If she had left
結合選項,全句的意思是:「如果她立刻就走,她就能在星期天到達那裡」.答案是C.
2) 以否定詞開頭的句子要求部分倒裝.注意下列句子中助動詞或情態動詞提前、甚至補充助動詞的用法:
例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小約翰直到昨天才改變了主意.)
例:In no country ______ Britain, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.
A) better than B) more than C) other than D) rather than
本題是個倒裝句,答案是C) other than.no other than意思是「正是、就是」;而rather than的意思是「寧願……而不……;而不是」.
3) 以否定副詞開頭並加狀語的句子要求部分倒裝.這些否定副詞有barely, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely…… when, never, no sooner…… than, rarely, no more, nor nearly, not only等以及only.
例:Only under special circumstances _________ to take make-up tests.
A) are freshmen permitted C) permitted are freshmen
B) freshmen are permitted D) are permitted freshmen
全句的意思是:「一年級學生只有在特殊的情況下才可以允許補考.」本陳述句以only開始,後面接狀語,應當用部分倒裝句.所以答案是A) are freshmen permitted.如用自然語序,本題所在的句子就應該改寫爲:Freshmen are permitted to take make-up tests only under special circumstances.這兩句話的差別是,前者將only under special circumstances放到句首,表示對狀語的強調.注意:在部分倒裝句中,只有助動詞、情態動詞或連繫動詞to be可以置於主語之前,其它部分都要置於主語之後.
注意:
a) 如果含有從句時,只要求主句倒裝:
例:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.(只有當他已經說出那個字後才意識到自己犯了個大錯誤.)
b) 如果上述否定副詞出現在強調句型中的前半部分,不用倒裝:
例: It was not until he went abroad that he know the truth of the fact.(直到他出國以後才了解到事實真相.)
c) 如果hardly, scarcely後面接的是any, ever, at all時,意義類似almost no/ not/ never(幾乎不、從不),則無須倒裝.
例:Hardly any people having been invited went there.(幾乎沒有什麼受到邀請的人去那裡了.)
4) 由no matter how, however和how引導的狀語從句要求部分倒裝,因爲形容詞或副詞通常緊跟在這三個引導詞後面,然後才是主語和謂語,形成形式上的部分倒裝句:
例:I know nothing about this river, neither how long, how wide nor how deep it is.(我一點也不了解這條河,不知道它有多長,多寬或多深.)
由as引導的部分倒裝句:
a) 當as作爲比較意義時,即用於as + adj./ adv. + as結構中時,如果把第一個as省略掉,就形成部分倒裝句.
例:Cautious as the rest of her family (was) , she didn't seem willing to give an immediate reply to my question.(正如她家裡人一樣謹慎小心,她似乎不願意立即回答我的問題.)
She ran down the stairs, quick as a rabbit (ran).(她跑下樓去,跑得象兔子那麼快!)
b) 當as引導讓步狀語時,和although, though一樣,當用作「儘管」之義時,可以用於部分倒裝句.
例:_______, there was no hope of her being able to sleep.
A) As she was exhausted B) If she was exhausted
C) Exhausted though she was D) Now that she was exhausted
答案是C) Exhausted though she was.從屬連詞as, though可以用於讓步狀語從句中.這種從句必須以形容詞(或形容詞化的分詞)、名詞或動詞原形開頭,主語必須位於從句之後.D) Now that she was exhausted里的引導詞Now that表示「既然」;B) If she was exhausted表示條件「如果」; A) As she was exhausted表示「由於」(因爲使用的是正語序),都與後面句子的意思不通順.
c) 表示原因時,爲了強調起見,也可以倒裝.
例:Tired as he was, we decided not to disturb him.(因爲他太累了,我們決定不打擾他.)
d) 等於so時,意義是「也,也是」
例:She worked hard, so/ as did her husband. (她工作很努力,她的丈夫工作也很努力.)
3. 其它情況的倒裝句
1) so, neither, nor除了構成上述倒裝句以外,還可以取代上文出現的名詞、形容詞甚至整句話,構成完全倒裝句或部分倒裝句.但這兩種倒裝的意義不同.
a) 當so表示「也,相同,那樣」時,通常表示對前一句肯定句的贊同、一致內容,要求使用完全倒裝句:
例:I asked him to complete the experiment before five, so he did (=and he did that).(我讓他在5點以前完成實驗,他做到了.)
b) so /such ……that句型可以構成部分倒裝句,表示強調so /such和that之間的部分:
例:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled.(他的要價如此之高,令每個人都瞠目結舌.)
To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out.(她的彩排進行得那麼長,以致於兩個演員都走出去了.)
c) neither和nor共有4種倒裝形式,其含義分別爲:
完全倒裝時:表示"也不",和上文a)用法正好相反,表示對前一句否定句的贊同或一致內容.
例:You don't know what to do now, neither/ nor do I .(你不知道現在該做什麼,我也不知道.)
和其它否定副詞連用,表示"也(不)",也要求用完全倒裝句:
例:The besieged enemy could not advance, nor / neither could they retreat.(被包圍的敵人既不能進,也不能退.)
注意:若把這句話改成:"The besieged enemy could neither advance nor retreat.(被包圍的敵人既不能進,也不能退.)"就不必倒裝.
例:She never laughed, ______ lose her temper.
A) or she ever did B) nor did she ever
C) or did she ever D) nor she ever did
本題的句子是一個並列句,全句意思是:「她從來不大聲笑,也沒有發過脾氣」.當前面的分句含否定意義而且後面的分句也含否定的意思時,後面的反句通常用含否定意義的nor(或neither)連接.此外,nor(或neither)連接的分句應當用倒裝句,及其謂語中的情態動詞、連繫動詞或助動詞應放主語之前.所以B) nor did she ever是答案.本句相當於:"…, and she never lost her temper, either".
1) 用在肯定句里,構成一般否定倒裝:
例:All that is true, nor must we forget it.(那全都是真的,我們可不能忘記.)
2) 部分倒裝,有承上啓下作用,表示同意和贊同:
例:A: I couldn't do anything for her.(我幫不了她.)
B: Nor you could, but you might have got somebody to help her.(你是不能幫她,但你本可以找人幫她的.)
2) 在進行比較的句子裡,如果主語不是代詞時,可以倒裝:
例:America consumes more energy than did our country.(美國消耗的能源比我們國家多.)
Her face is rather pale and even paler are her hands.(她的臉色蒼白,她的手更白.)

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