初二英語重點詞組和語法,句型要帶例句最好初二上學期【人教版】

題目：

初二英語
重點詞組和語法,句型
要帶例句最好
初二上學期【人教版】

解答：

1) leave的用法
1.「leave+地點」表示「離開某地」.例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什麼時候離開上海的?
2.「leave for+地點」表示「動身去某地」.例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五,愛麗斯要去倫敦了.
3.「leave+地點+for+地點」表示「離開某地去某地」.例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你爲什麼要離開上海去北京?
2) 情態動詞should「應該」學會使用
should作爲情態動詞用,常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等,有「竟會」的意思,例如：
How should I know? 我怎麼知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天爲什麼來得這麼晚?
should有時表示應當做或發生的事,例如：
We should help each other.我們應當互相幫助.
我們在使用時要注意以下幾點：
1. 用於表示「應該」或「不應該」的概念.此時常指長輩教導或責備晚輩.例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你應該把手洗乾淨了再來.
2. 用於提出意見勸導別人.例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感覺不舒服,你最好去看醫生.
3. 用於表示可能性.should的這一用法是考試中常常出現的考點之一.例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我們在晚飯前就能到了.
She should be here any moment. 她隨時都可能來.
3) What...? 與 Which...?
1. what 與 which 都是疑問代詞,都可以指人或事物,但是what僅用來詢問職業.如：
What is your father? 你父親是幹什麼的?
該句相當於：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定範圍內的某一個人.如：
---Which is Peter? 哪個是皮特?
---The boy behind Mary. 瑪麗背後的那個男孩.
2. What...?是泛指,所指的事物沒有範圍的限制；而 Which...?是特指,所指的事物有範圍的限制.如：
What color do you like best? （所有顏色）
你最喜愛什麼顏色?
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的範圍）
你最喜愛哪一種顏色?
3. what 與 which 後都可以接單、複數名詞和不可數名詞.如：
Which pictures are from China?
哪些圖片來自中國?
4) 頻度副詞的位置
1.常見的頻度副詞有以下這些：
always（總是,一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常,經常）
sometimes（有時候）
never（從不）
2.頻度副詞的位置：
a.放在連繫動詞、助動詞或情態動詞後面.如：
David is often arrives late for school.
大衛上學經常遲到.
b.放在行爲動詞前.如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天經常在7：10去上學.
c.有些頻度副詞可放在句首或句尾,用來表示強調.如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有時我步行回家,有時我騎自行車.
3.never放在句首時,主語、謂語動詞要倒裝.如：
Never have I been there.
5) every day 與 everyday
1. every day 作狀語,譯爲「每一天」.如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我們每天7：10去上學.
I decide to read English every day.
我決定每天讀英語.
2. everyday 作定語,譯爲「日常的」.
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚飯後在電視上看日常英語.
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活動是什麼?
6) 什麼是助動詞
1.協助主要動詞構成謂語動詞詞組的詞叫助動詞（Auxiliary Verb）.被協助的動詞稱作主要動詞（Main Verb）.
助動詞自身沒有詞義,不可單獨使用,例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜歡英語.
（doesn't是助動詞,無詞義；like是主要動詞,有詞義）
2.助動詞協助主要動詞完成以下功用,可以用來：
a. 表示時態,例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌.
He has got married. 他已結婚.
b. 表示語態,例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英國.
c. 構成疑問句,例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜歡大學生活嗎?
Did you study English before you came here?你來這兒之前學過英語嗎?
d. 與否定副詞not合用,構成否定句,例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜歡他.
e. 加強語氣,例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定來參加晚會.
He did know that. 他的確知道那件事.
3.最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do與remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘記要去做某事. (未做)
forget doing 忘記做過某事. (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
辦公室的燈還在亮著,它忘記關了.(沒有做關燈的動作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘記他已經關了燈了. ( 已做過關燈的動作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
別忘了明天來. (to come動作未做)
典型例題
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh,I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C.由the light is still on 可知燈亮著,即關燈的動作沒有發生,因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示燈已經關上了,而自己忘記了這一事實.此處不符合題意.
2.remember to do 記得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 記得做過某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
記著放學後去趟郵局.
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不記得以前見過那個人嗎?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用於表示事物的特徵特點,表示客觀形式的形容詞,如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 對他來說學兩門外語是很難的.
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主觀感情或態度的形容詞,如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right.
It's very nice of you to help me. 你來幫助我,你真是太好了.
3.for 與of 的辨別方法：
用介詞後面的代詞作主語,用介詞前邊的形容詞作表語,造個句子.如果道理上通順用of,不通則用for.如：
You are nice. (通順,所以應用of).
He is hard. (人是困難的,不通,因此應用for.)
9) 對兩個句子的提問
新目標英語在命題中有將對句子劃線提問這一題型取消的趨勢,現在採取的作法是對一個句子進行自由提問.例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提問：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很顯然,學生多了更多的回答角度,也體現了考試的靈活性.再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提問：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such與不定冠詞的使用
1.so與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構爲「so+形容詞+a/an+名詞」.如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such與不定冠詞a、an連用,結構爲「such+a/an+形容詞+名詞」.如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分詞的幾種情況
1.在進行時態中.如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be結構中.如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems結構中.如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介詞後面.如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下結構中：
enjoy doing sth 樂於做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘記做過某事
go on doing sth 繼續做某事
remember doing sth 記得做過某事
like doing sth 喜歡做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 發現某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/聽到/觀看某人做某事
try doing sth 試圖做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 寧願做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 練習做某事
be busy doing sth 忙於做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 錯過做某事
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的.如：
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和複數名詞.如：
man（單數）---men（複數） banana（單數）---bananas（複數）
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞.如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語爲第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式.如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英語中的「單數」
1.主語的第三人稱單數形式,即可用「he, she, it」代替的.如：
he, she, it
my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名詞有單數名詞和複數名詞.如：
man（單數）---men（複數） banana（單數）---bananas（複數）
3.動詞有原形,第三人稱單數形式,-ing分詞,過去式,過去分詞.如：
go---goes---going---went---gone
work---works---working---worked---worked
watch---watches---watching---watched---watched
當主語爲第三人稱單數的時候,謂語動詞必須用相應的第三人稱單數形式.如：
The boy wants to be a sales assistant.
Our English teacher is from the US.
Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
13) 名詞的複數構成的幾種形式
名詞複數的構成可分爲規則變化和不規則變化兩種.
I 名詞複數的規則變化
1.一般在名詞詞尾加-s.如：
pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers
desk---desks tree---trees
2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x結尾的名詞,詞尾加-es.如：
class---classes dish---dishes
watch---watches box---boxes
3.以字母-o結尾的某些名詞,詞尾加-es.如：
potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes
Negro---Negroes hero---heroes
4.以輔音字母加-y結尾的名詞,將-y變爲-i,再加-es.如：
family---families dictionary---dictionaries
city---cities country---countries
5.以字母-f或-fe結尾的名詞,將-f或-fe變爲-v,再加-es.如：
half---halves leaf---leaves
thief---thieves knife---knives
self---selves wife---wives
life---lives wolf---wolves
shelf---shelves loaf---loaves
但是：
scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs
serf---serfs gulf---gulfs
chief---chiefs proof---proofs
belief---beliefs
II 名詞複數的不規則變化
1.將-oo改爲--ee.如：
foot---feet tooth---teeth
2.將-man改爲-men.如：
man---men woman---women
policeman---policemen postman---postmen
3.添加詞尾.如：
child---children
4.單複數同形.如：
sheep---sheep deer---deer
fish---fish people---people
5.表示「某國人」的單、複數變化.即「中日瑞不變英法變,其它國把-s加後面」.如：
Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese
Swiss---Swiss
Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen
American---Americans Australian---Australians
Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans
Russian---Russians Indian---Indians
6.其它.如：
mouse---mice
apple tree---apple trees
man teacher---men teachers
14) 雙寫最後一個字母的-ing分詞
初中階段常見的有以下這些：
1.let→letting 讓
hit→hitting 打、撞
cut→cutting 切、割
get→getting 取、得到
sit→sitting 坐
forget→forgetting 忘記
put→putting 放
set→setting 設置
babysit→babysitting 臨時受僱照顧嬰兒
2.shop→shopping 購物
trip→tripping 絆
stop→stopping 停止
drop→dropping 放棄
3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅遊
swim→swimming 游泳
run→running 跑步
dig→digging 挖、掘
begin→beginning 開始
prefer→preferring 寧願
plan→planning 計劃
15) 肯定句變否定句及疑問句要變化的一些詞
1.some變爲any.如：
There are some birds in the tree.
→There aren't any birds in the tree.
但是,若在表示請邀請、請求的句子中,some可以不變.如：
Would you like some orange juice?
與此相關的一些不定代詞如something, somebody等也要進行相應變化.
2.and變爲or.如：
I have a knife and a ruler.
→I don't have a knife or a ruler.
3.a lot of (=lots of)變爲many或much.如：
They have a lot of friends.（可數名詞）
→They don't have many friends.
There is lots of orange in the bottle.（不可數名詞）
→There isn't much orange in the bottle.
4.already變爲yet.如：
I have been there already.
→I haven't been there yet.
16) in與after
in 與 after 都可以表示時間,但二者有所區別.
1.in 經常用於將來時的句子中,以現在爲起點,表示將來一段時間.如：
He will leave for Beijing in a week.
一周後他會動身去北京.
2.after 經常用於過去時的句子中,以過去爲起點,表示過去一段時間.如：
He left for Beijing after a week.
一周後他動身去了北京.
不過,如果after後跟的是具體的時刻,它也可用於將來時.如：
We will finish the work after ten o'clock.
十點後我們會完成工作的.
3.注意區分以下的in的用法.
I'll visit him in a week.
一周後我會去拜訪他.
I'll visit him twice in a week.
一周內我會去拜訪他兩次.
17) 不定冠詞a與an的使用
1.a 用在以輔音音素開頭的單詞前.如：
There is a "b" in the word "book".
單詞book中有個字母b.
類似的字母還有：c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z.
She has a small knife.
她有一把小刀.
2.an 用於以元音音素開頭的單詞前.如：
There is an "i" in the word "onion".
單詞onion中有個字母i.
類似的字母還有：a, e, f, h, l, m, n, o, r, s, x.
Do you have an umbrella?
你有一把雨傘嗎?
3.以元音字母開頭的單詞前面不一定都用an；以輔音字母開頭的單詞前面也不一定都用a.如：
a useful book
a universe
a one-letter word
an hour
an uncle
an umbrella
an honest person
18) 如何表達英語中的「穿、戴」?
英語中表示「穿、戴」的表達方法有好幾種,常見的有以下這些：
1、put on 主要表達「穿」的動作.如：
He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套.
You'd better put on your shoes.你最好穿上你的鞋子.
2、wear 主要表示「穿、戴」的狀態.如：
The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴著一副眼鏡.
The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙.
3、dress 可作及物動詞,有「給.穿衣」的意思,後接「人」,而不是「衣服」.如：
Please dress the children right now.請立即給孩子們穿上衣服.
dress 也可作不及物動詞,表示衣著的習慣.如：
The woman always dresses in green.那位婦女總是穿綠色的衣服.
4、be in 表示穿著的狀態.如：
John is in white today.約翰今天穿白色的衣服.
The man in black is a football coach.
19) a little, a few 與 a bit (of)
a little, a few 與 a bit (of) 都有「一些、少量」的意義.他們的區別在哪裡呢?
1. a little 意爲「一些、少量」,後接不可數名詞.如：
There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子裡有一點水.
還可以接形容詞.如：
He is a little shy. 他有些害羞.
2. a few 意爲「一些、少數」,後接複數的可數名詞.如：
There are a few people in the room. 房間裡有一些人.
3. a bit 意爲「一點兒」,後接形容詞.如：
It's a bit cold. 有點冷.
a bit of 後接不可數名詞.如：
He has a bit of money. 他有一點兒錢.
4. a little 表肯定意義,little 表否定意義；a few 表肯定意義,few 表否定意義.如：
There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子裡有一點兒汽水.
There is little soda in the glass. 杯子裡幾乎沒有汽水了.
I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中國朋友.
Few people like him. 幾乎沒有人喜歡他.
5. a little = a bit of, 後接不可數名詞；
a little = a bit = a little bit = kind of, 後形容詞,意爲「有點兒」.
20) 關於like的用法
like 可以作動詞,也可以作介詞.
1、like 作動詞,表示一般性的「愛好、喜歡」,有泛指的含義.如：
Do you like the color?你喜愛這種顏色嗎?
like 後可接不定式（like to do sth）,也可接動詞的-ing分詞（like doing sth）,有時意思不盡相同.如：
She likes eating apples.她喜愛吃蘋果.（習慣）
She likes to eat an apple.她喜愛吃一粒蘋果.（平常不喜歡吃）
like 與 would 連用,後接不定式,表示願望或客氣的請求.如：
Would you like a cup of tea?您願意喝杯茶嗎?
「喜歡某人做某事」可以用結構「like sb to do sth/doing sth」.如：
They all like me to sing/singing English songs.他們都喜歡我唱英文歌.
2、like 作介詞,可譯成「像.」.如：
She is friendly to us like a mother.她對我們友好,就像母親一樣.
It looks like an orange.它看起來像個桔子.
3、區分以下句子：
A. What does he look like?
B. What is he like?
A句譯爲「他長相如何?」指一個人的外貌特徵；而B句譯爲「他人怎麼樣?」指人的性格特點.
C. The boy like Peter is over there.
D. A boy like Peter can't do it.
A句指外貌相似,而D句指性格相似.
21) stop to do sth 與 stop doing sth
1. stop to do sth 意爲「停下來去做某事」.如：
The students stop to listen to their teacher.
學生們停下來去聽他們老師講話.
2. stop doing sth 意爲「停止做某事」.如：
The students stopped talking. 學生們停止了談話.
與它們相反的句式是：go on to do sth 「繼續做某事（與剛才一事不同）」和 go on doing sth 「繼續做某事（與剛才同一件事）」.如：
He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.
他完成了作業,接著繼續去念英語.
They went on playing games. 他們繼續玩遊戲.
參考資料：http://www.shulihua.net/czyyu/ShowSearch.asp?Field=Title&Keyword=八年級上&ClassID=0&SpecialID=0