of 、for、 to 、with的區別與用法

題目：

of 、for、 to 、with的區別與用法
例如（1）the government should further strengthen the supervision and control of the production and circulation of plastic bags.其中的control of the procduction爲什麼不能用to呢.（2）I am writing to ask if you can recommend a child as the recipient of my financial assistance.其中的的writing to ask 可以換做writing for asking （3）thank you very much for having given me this opportunity to take such a promisiong position in such a best-selling magazine.其中的thank you very much fo having give 可以換做to having give 還有with,這幾個詞我老是分不清楚,不知道什麼時候該用哪一個,希望有人能幫幫我 還有那個可數名詞,是不是前面不加冠詞之類的都要用複數?

解答：

（1）control 在這裡是名詞,與the production and circulation of plastic bags是同樣的用法
（2）不能
（3）不能,不過可以改爲to give
With是個介詞,基本的意思是「用」,但它也可以協助構成一個極爲多采多姿的句型,在句子中起兩種作用；副詞與形容詞.
with在下列結構中起副詞作用：
1.「with+賓語+現在分詞或短語」,如：
(1) This article deals with common social ills,with particular attention being paid to vandalism.
2.「with+賓語+過去分詞或短語」,如：
(2) With different techniques used,different results can be obtained.
(3) The TV mechanic entered the factory with tools carried in both hands.
3.「with+賓語+形容詞或短語」,如：
(4) With so much water vapour present in the room,some iron-made utensils have become rusty easily.
(5) Every night,Helen sleeps with all the windows open.
4.「with+賓語＋介詞短語」,如：
(6) With the school badge on his shirt,he looks all the more serious.
(7) With the security guard near the gate no bad character could do any thing illegal.
5.「with+賓語＋副詞虛詞」,如：
(8) You cannot leave the machine there with electric power on.
(9) How can you lock the door with your guests in?
上面五種「with」結構的副詞功能,相當普遍,尤其是在科技英語中.
接著談「with」結構的形容詞功能,有下列五種：
一、「with+賓語+現在分詞或短語」,如：
(10) The body with a constant force acting on it.moves at constant pace.
(11) Can you see the huge box with a long handle attaching to it
二、「with+賓語+過去分詞或短語」
(12) Throw away the container with its cover sealed.
(13) Atoms with the outer layer filled with electrons do not form compounds.
三、「with+賓語+形容詞或短語」,如：
(14) Put the documents in the filing container with all the drawers open.
四、「with+賓語+介詞短語」,如：
(15) The young lady with a red ribbon on her head is my former maths teacher.
(16) Do you know the gentleman with both hands in his pockets?
五、「with+賓語+副詞虛詞,」如：
(17) Is there any water in the kettle with this cover off
(18) Out went the boy scouts with their uniforms on.
of
1....的,屬於
One of the legs of the table is broken.
桌子的一條腿壞了.
Mr.Brown is a friend of mine.
布朗先生是我的朋友.
2.用...做成的;由...製成
The house is of stone.
這房子是石建的.
3.含有...的;裝有...的
4....之中的;...的成員
Of all the students in this class,Tom is the best.
在這個班級中,湯姆是最優秀的.
5.(表示同位)
He came to New York at the age of ten.
他在十歲時來到紐約.
6.(表示賓格關係)
He gave a lecture on the use of solar energy.
他就太陽能的利用作了一場講演.
7.(表示主格關係)
We waited for the arrival of the next bus.
我們等待下一班汽車的到來.
I have the complete works of Shakespeare.
我有莎士比亞全集.
8.來自...的;出自
He was a graduate of the University of Hawaii.
他是夏威夷大學的畢業生.
9.因爲
Her son died of hepatitis.
她兒子因患肝炎而死.
10.在...方面
My aunt is hard of hearing.
我姑媽耳朵有點聾.
11.【美】(時間)在...之前
12.(表示具有某種性質)
It is a matter of importance.
這是一件重要的事.
for
1.爲,爲了
They fought for national independence.
他們爲民族獨立而戰.
This letter is for you.
這是你的信.
2.代替;代表
We used boxes for chairs.
我們用箱子當椅子坐.
3.因爲,由於
I am sorry for what I said to you.
我後悔不該對你講那些話.
4.在(指定時間)
The meeting is arranged for 9 o'clock.
會議安排在九點鐘.
5.(表示時間、距離等)達,計
You can see for miles from the roof.
你站在屋頂上可以看到數英里之外.
6.對於,關於;在...方面
I am too old for the job.
我年紀太大,做不了這工作.
7.爲得到,爲贏得
He sent the waiter for a packet of cigarettes.
他讓侍者去拿一盒香菸.
8.以...爲代價;以...交換
He sold his car for 500 dollars.
他以五百元把車賣了.
9.當作,作爲
Do you take me for a millionaire?
你是不是把我當百萬富翁?
10.贊成;支持;傾向於
Are you for the government or against it?
你是支持還是反對政府?
11.朝...方向去;往,向
He left for Taipei.
他出發去台北.
12.就...而言
She is sophisticated for her age.
就年齡而言她是世故了一點.
conj.
1.因爲,由於
We must start early,for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我們得早點動身,因爲開車去機場得花兩個小時.