初中英語常見的短語及意思

題目:

初中英語常見的短語及意思
有多少寫多少,越多越好,準確率要高哦!

解答:

Ⅰ. broad 指幅面的寬廣,側重表面上的廣闊宏大,指人時多形容背、肩、胸等,在較正式或文學性較強的文體中,也可用來描寫河流、街道、田野、峽谷等和地形有關的其它東西.如:
The road is 8 metres broad.
Ⅱ. wide 指一邊到另一邊的空間距離,側重兩端之間距離的寬大,指人時多形容眼睛、口等.如:
This skirt is too wide.
broad 和wide 的反義詞都是narrow.
[語法]:度量表示法: 「數詞+名詞(量)+wide(broad)/long長/thick厚/deep深/high高/tall 身高/around周長」

§102 build/ found/ put up/ set up
Ⅰ. build 「建築、建造」指施工建築,如房屋、橋樑、道路等的建造,也可用於廣義.如:
We are building socialism with China’s style. 我們正在建設具有中國特色的社會主義.
Ⅱ. found 「創立、成立、創辦」批創立一個組織、機構、國家等.如:
① They founded(=built) a school for the blind. 他們創辦了一億盲人學校.
② The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949. 中華人民共和國成立於是1949年.
Ⅲ. put up 和set up 人含義很多,但他們在表示「搭起、豎起、掛起」以及表建築物「建起」的意思時,可以通用.只不過put up 比set up 要常見些.如:
① The boys put up (set up) their tents in the woods. 孩子們在樹林裡搭起了帳篷.
② They have put up(set up) several cattle sheds for the team. 他們爲隊裡建造了幾個牛棚.
但set up 在表示「建起、成立」某一機構團體時,不能用put up 替換.如:
The factory set up a night school last month. 這個工廠上月成立了一所夜校.

§103 but/ however
Ⅰ. 都有「然而,但是」的意思.However 比較正式,可以放在句首、句中或句尾;其前面或後面要加逗號隔開,如在句中,其前後都要加逗號,不能與but 連用;而but只放在句首.如:
① I』d like to go swimming with you, but I have to tidy the garden now. 我很想和你去游泳,但是我現在必須整理花園.
② It’s raining hard, however, they’re still working in the field. 雨下得很大,然而他們仍然在地里幹活.
③ Later, however, she decided to buy it. 可是後來她決定去買下它.
① He said it was so, he was mistaken, however.

§104 crowd / group / team
Ⅰ. group 「小組、團體」,與 team 是同義詞.指因任何目的或原因而聚集在一起所形成的羣體.搭配範圍較廣;
team 指工作、行爲或遊戲時在一起的羣體,尤指體育比賽的「隊」,搭配範圍較窄.如:
① a study group 學習小組; a discussion group 討論小組
② a basketball team 籃球隊 a medical team 醫療隊
Ⅱ. group 指「人羣」時,與crowd同義.group 所指人數可多可少,但常指「較小」的人羣,且表示有組織有秩序的一羣人;
crowd有「密集」「擁擠」的含義,通常指未經組織、人數衆多的人羣.

§105 by oneself/ for oneself/ to oneself/ of oneself
這五個介詞短語均屬「介詞+反身代詞」結構,但意義各不相同:
Ⅰ.by oneself「單獨地;獨立地」(=without help, alone).如:
Did you do this by yourself or did someone help you? 是你自己做的,還是別人幫你做的?
Ⅱ. 「本身;本身的性質」如:
① Diamond is hard in itself. 鑽石本來是硬的.
Ⅲ.for oneself 「爲自己(的利益而做某事);獨自地(與by oneself 同義)」.如:
② He has built a house for himself. 他爲自己建造了一幢房子.
③ You must find it out for yourself. 你必須自己把它找出來.
Ⅳ.of oneself 「自然而然地;自動地」爲不及物動詞.如:
④ The fire died of oneself. 火自己熄滅了.
Ⅴ.to oneself「默默地」「暗自」,常與talk , say, think等動詞連用.如;
⑤ He said to himself that there was something wrong. 他想這其中有毛病.
[注]:say to oneself 「在心裡想」,talk/ speak to oneself「自言自語」兩者不可混淆.

§106 by train/ on(in)a the train
二者都有「乘車」之意.當使用介詞by表方式時,其後交通工具名詞前不用冠詞.或其它任何表限定的修飾詞,如形容詞性物主代詞,批示代詞等.反之則用介詞in (較小的工具如car等);on (較大的交通工具,如train等).如:on the bus, in his car.

§107 by/ at/ the end of ; in/to/ on the end
Ⅰ. by the end of 「在……末以前」「到……末爲止」後一般接時間名詞.如年、月、周等.也可接表活動的名詞,如strike.
Ⅱ. at the end of 「在……的盡頭」,「在……的末端」如:
① At the end of the book there is an index. 書後附有索引.
② We shall have an exam at the end of the month. 本月末我們將有次考試.
Ⅲ. in the end 「最終;終於」,後不接of 短語.如:
I hope everything will turn out all right in the end. 我希望最終一切都順利.

§108 by/ near
都有「靠近」的意思.
Ⅰ.by「就在… …旁邊」,表示距離更近.如:
① We have by the sea.(暗示我們可以看見大海)
② We live near the sea.(也許我們離海邊還有幾里遠)
Ⅱ.near表示的距離稍遠些.見上例.近離.ofits. of enormous sum of money.

§109 by/ till
Ⅰ.by「到… …之前」「不遲於」僅指動作發生在限定時間之內或到某一時間爲止.如:
①Can you repair my watch by Friday? 你能在星期五之前把表修好嗎?(句中時間最遲到星期五,動詞可以是瞬間的,也可以是持續的)
Ⅱ.till/untill「直到」強調動作的持續狀態,直到將來的某一時刻爲止.如:
I shall go on working till/untill next Monday. (此種情況只能用於肯定句中動詞必須是延續的)
當untill與not連用時,意爲「直到… …才」,主句謂語動詞必須是非延續性的.如:
I don’t go to bed untill/till you come.

§110 call on/ visit/ go to see/ drop in
Ⅰ.四者都有「訪問」的意思,但是vist較爲正式,可用於訪問人,也可用於訪問地方.如:
I visited my aunt in Bejing in the summer holidays. 暑假我探望了在北京的姨媽.
Ⅱ.call on有時可代替visit,但只限於人.訪問某地方則用call at.如:
We called on Prefessor Liu a few days ago. 前幾天我們拜訪了劉教授.
Ⅲ.go to see爲普通用語,一般用於人.如:
Tom is ill. Let’s go to see him after school.湯姆病了,我們放學後去看他吧.
Ⅳ.drop in特指順路探訪,多用於口語.如:
Would you like to drop in and have a cup of tea? 你順便來喝杯茶,好嗎?

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