正老師,請您幫我看看這句的語法結構,

題目：

正老師,請您幫我看看這句的語法結構,
A person who writes in a newspaper or magazine giving advice to people in reply to their letters.
這句中「giving advice to people」和「in reply to their letters」各是什麼成份?我覺得前面是補語,後面是狀語.
正老師能教教我一些分析語法結構的方法麼?怎麼才能自己確定一個英語句子的語法結構是什麼樣子的呢?而有是100%的確定,就像數學中的1+1=2一樣,
Thousands of jobs axed by UK firms.
這句中的axed是過去分詞作定語修飾job是麼?
Apple is considered one of the best companies in the world for the way they market their products.
這句中的「they market their products.」是作the way的同位語麼?

解答：

giving advice to people in reply to their letters是定語修飾前面的newspaper和magazine,in reply to their letters是giving advice to people 的狀語,翻譯過來就是：採用回信的方式給人提建議.
axed by UK firms 過去分詞短語作定語修飾jobs.
they market their products是the way 的定語從句,省略了關係詞that或in which .
再問： 這句中的「they market their products.」是定語從句作the way的定語
正老師，要是這句做the way的定語的話，那the way應該在這句中有成份呀，但我發現the way在這句中既不做主語也不做賓語，何解？
再答： the way在定從中是作方式狀語的

即they market their products in the way。

當先行詞the way 在定從中 作狀語時 有三種引導方法，即1in which2that3省略
再如 我不喜歡他講話的方式
i don't like the way in which he speaks.
i don't like the way that he speaks.
i don't like the way he speaks.
這裡that是關係副詞=in which。這種用法的that也可以省略。