哪位好心的人能幫我翻譯下這篇文章,急,真心的感謝!
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哪位好心的人能幫我翻譯下這篇文章,急,真心的感謝!
Recently, Bennett et al. (1997) produced a new database of 2802 nuclear DNA amounts by compiling data from five previously published lists (Bennett and Smith, 1976, 1991; Bennett, Smith and Heslop-Harrison, 1982; Bennett and Leitch, 1995, 1997). The database, which contains DNA C-values for just over 1 % of known angiosperm species, represents the largest database of nuclear DNA amounts available for any group of organisms. A histogram showing the frequency of genome sizes for these 2802 species reveals a strongly skewed distribution with a very small modal size of 0-7 pg ( 675 Mbp), well within the bottom I % of the ange. Thus, despite their very large range in nuclear DNA amounts and a maximum (127-4 pg) over 180-times he mode, most angiosperms (i.e. 517%) have small C-values between 0-1 and 35 pg, within only five-times the mode.
DISTRIBUTION OF DNA C-VALUES IN A PHYLOGENETIC CONTEXT
Previously, researchers have attempted to look for evolutionary trends in genome size at the species, genus and family level, yet no consistent correlations have been found. Both increases and decreases in genome size have been postulated to occur (e.g. reviewed by Stebbins, 1976; Price, 1988). However, with the exception of a few (e.g. Cox et al., 1998) these studies have been flawed by the lack of a rigorous phylogenetic framework on which to analyse the data.
It is now increasingly apparent that there is a phylogenetic component to quantitative genome size variation which should be evaluated before the evolutionary significance of C-value diversity can be fully explained (Pagel and Johnston, 1992; Bharathan, 1996). Two factors have recently made possible an investigation into the evolution of angiosperm C-values in such a phylogenetic context. First, as outlined above, the Angiosperm DNA C-values database now exists. Second, there is now a consensus about the broad phylogenetic relationships of the angiosperms. The phy-logeny is based on DNA sequence data from the plastid rbcL gene taken from Chase et al. (1993) together with additional data from the 18S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (Soltis et al., 1997), the plastid atpB gene (Savolainen et al., 1996), and 252 non-molecular characters (Nandi, Chase and Endress, 1998). The phylogenetic tree divides the angiosperm families into four major categories of taxa-paleodicots, monocots, lower eudicots and higher eudicots, with Cerato-phyllales as sister to these four groups. These are not all monophyletic groups but they are useful from a descriptive standpoint. These are then further subdivided into 20 higher level groups . The robustness of this analysis has enabled us to examine how the large range of C-values is distributed throughout the angiosperms, and to see whether this sheds light on the sizes of the ancestral angiosperm genomes.
解答:
最近,班尼特等人.( 1997年)製作了一個新的資料庫,爲2802細胞核DNA數額彙編數據,從五個先前公布的名單(班奈特和史密斯,1976年,1991年;班尼特,史密斯和heslop -哈里森,1982年;貝內特和leitch ,1995年,1997年) .該資料庫,其中含有的DNA的C -值剛剛超過1 %已知被子植物物種,代表了最大的資料庫的細胞核DNA的金額可供任何一組的有機體.直方圖顯示頻率的基因組大小爲這些爲2802種,揭示了強烈的分配傾斜與一個很小的模態的大小0-7編號( 675人的MBP ) ,以及內部的底部i %的昂熱.因此,儘管他們非常大的範圍內,在核DNA數額及最高( 127-4 PG )的超過180次,他的模式中,最被子植物(即517 % ) ,有小的C -值0-1之間和35編號,在短短的五年-倍模式.
分布的DNA的C -價值觀在親緣背景
此前,研究人員曾試圖尋找演化趨勢,在基因組大小在物種,屬和家庭層面,還沒有一致的相關性已被發現.既增加和減少基因組大小都被假定發生(如審查類型,1976年;價格,1988年) .但是,除少數國家(如考克斯等人,1998年) ,這些研究已經殘缺,因缺乏嚴格的系統發育框架上的數據進行分析.
現在是愈來愈明顯,是有親緣成分,以定量基因組大小變異對其進行評估之前進化意義的C值多樣性,可以充分解釋( pagel和約翰斯頓,1992年; bharathan ,1996年) .有兩個因素,最近可能進行調查的演變被子植物的C -價值觀,在這樣一個背景下的親緣.首先,正如上文所述,被子植物的DNA的C -價值觀資料庫目前存在的.第二,現在已經有了一個共識,對廣大親緣關係的被子植物.這種PHY - logeny是基於DNA序列數據,從質體rbcL基因取自大通等.( 1993 )連同額外數據,從18核糖體RNA基因( soltis等人,1997年) ,質體atpb基因(薩沃萊恩等,1996 ) ,以及252名非分子特徵(南,大通和endress ,1998 ) .親緣樹劃分被子植物家庭分爲四大類分類- paleodicots ,monocots ,降低eudicots和更高eudicots ,cerato - phyllales作爲妹妹在這四個羣體.這是不是所有的單系羣體,但他們是有用的,從一個描述性的立場.這些都是再細分爲20個較高水平的羣體.在穩健的這項分析,使我們能夠在研究如何把大範圍的C值,是在全國範圍內發行被子植物,以及看看這是否揭示了大小祖被子植物基因組中.
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