英語翻譯So the question arose with services:What new types of Ph

題目：

英語翻譯
So the question arose with services:What new types of PhDs might be needed to build a world-class,corporate services research organization?A quick survey of the PhDs within IBM’s services division revealed a three-way split between technology,business-related,and social sciences PhDs.And it was clear that the existing research organization was dominated by technology PhDs.For a research organization focused on technology systems,the shift to services would require a shift toward innovation aimed at improving sociotechnical business systems (Trist,1981).For example,nowadays clients rarely buy an information technology (IT) system simply because of its technical capabilities (faster,more capacity,etc.),but instead require a business model (return on investment) and an organizational change model (reengineered processes and job roles) that will make the technology an effective solution to their business problems.In a nutshell,this is the reason for IBM’s transition from a company specializing in systems and software to
company specializing in combining services with systems and software to co-create the transformation of client businesses.

解答：

所以服務的問題出現了：爲了建設世界級的企業服務研究組織,需要什麼樣的新型博士呢?根據IBM公司服務部的內部快速調查顯示,有三種不同類型的博士：技術型,商業相關型,社會科學型.很明顯,現有的研究組織以技術博士爲主.對於注重技術系統的研究組織來說,向服務業轉變,首先需要面向創新的轉變,以此完善社會技術商業體系.例如,先進的客戶極少購買信息技術系統,主要因爲技術能力（更快,能力更強等）.但他們需要一種商業模式（投資回報）和組織變革模式（重新設計程序和工作角色）,這樣技術就可以成爲商業問題的有效解決方案.總而言之,因爲這個原因,IBM公司最初專注系統與軟體領域,後來將服務,系統,軟體三者相結合,實現客戶商業的轉變.