英語翻譯3.1.Growth of mixed cultures under carbon,nitrate and ph

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英語翻譯
3.1.Growth of mixed cultures under carbon,nitrate and phosphate limitation
Fig.1 shows the mean concentrations of glucose,nitrate and phosphate measured in the carbon-,nitrate- and phosphate-limited mixed continuous cultures.In the four carbon-limited cultures,glucose (Fig.1A) was always below the limit of detection (15 μM).In the other cultures,residual glucose (supplied at 0.7 mM in the growth medium) was sometimes present.It should be noted that in all cultures,the growth medium also contained acetate,citrate,benzoate and salicylate as additional carbon and energy sources.Nitrate (Fig.1B) was detectable (0.5 mM) in the surface water used for inoculation,but in the four nitratelimited cultures,nitrate was no longer detectable (650μM) from the first sampling 68 h after switching on the medium supply pump.In the carbon- and phosphate-limited cultures the average nitrate concentration was lower than 2.5 mM during the whole period,indicating that significant bacterial consumption of nitrate occurred also in these cultures.Fig.1C shows the residual concentration of phosphate in the cultures.No phosphate could be detected under phosphate limitation.The amount of phosphate supplied in the medium (20 μM) was just above the limit of detection (10 μM).In the carbon- and nitrate-limited chemostats phosphate (10 mM) was evidently supplied to the cultures in excess.Since nitrate (Fig.1B) and occasionally glucose (Fig.1A) could be detected in the phosphatelimited cultures and since the molar ratio of phosphate per carbon supplied was only 0.0014:1,growth of the mixed bacterial culture on the medium with proportionally less phosphate was concluded to be controlled by the amount of phosphate.Fig.2 provides an additional indication that the cultures that received less phosphate were limited by this macronutrient.The specific cell-bound activity of APase was consistently about 10-fold lower in the other cultures that contained 10 mM of phosphate in the growth medium.

解答：

圖 1 表演在碳被測量的葡萄糖,硝酸鹽和磷酸鹽的低劣集中-,硝酸鹽- 而且磷酸鹽-有限使連續的文化混合了.在四碳-有限耕種,葡萄糖 (圖 1A) 總是在發現 (15 μ M) 的界限下面.在其他文化方面,剩餘葡萄糖 (在生長媒體中的 0.7 毫莫耳供應) 有時在場.它應該被注意所有的文化的那,生長媒體也包含了如另外的碳和能源來源的醋酸鹽,檸檬酸鹽,安息香酸鹽和水楊酸鹽.硝酸鹽 (圖 1B) 在作爲接插芽的地表水中是可發覺的 (0.5 毫莫耳),但是在四 nitratelimited 文化方面,硝酸鹽從那首先在打開萣生熟的補給泵之後抽取樣品 68 h 不再可發覺的 (650 μ M).在碳- 和磷酸鹽-有限耕種集中在整個期間比 2.5 毫莫耳低,指出硝酸鹽的重要細菌消費也在這些文化方面發生了的平均的硝酸鹽.文化的圖 1C 表演磷酸鹽的剩餘集中.沒有磷酸鹽可能在磷酸鹽限制之下被發現.在媒體 (20 μ M) 被供應的磷酸鹽的數量是確實上述發現 (10 μ M) 的界限.在碳- 和硝酸鹽-有限的 chemostats 磷酸鹽 (10 毫莫耳) 明顯地被供應到過度的文化.自從硝酸鹽 (圖 1B) 以後和有時候葡萄糖 (圖 1A) 可能在 phosphatelimited 文化方面被發現而且自從被供應的每碳磷酸鹽的磨碎比之後是只有 0.0014:1,混合細菌的文化的生長在和比例比較少的磷酸鹽的媒體上被總結被磷酸鹽的數量控制.圖 2 提供另外的指示收到了比較少的磷酸鹽的文化被這 macronutrient 限制了.APase 的特定細胞-範圍活動是一致地大約 10-折層在生長媒體中包含了 10 毫莫耳的磷酸鹽的其他文化方面降低.