英語翻譯二、中美之間的文化差異.2.1語言和非語言行爲差異.中國自古講究禮儀,言語當中多是體現自謙和敬人.在聽到別人讚揚

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英語翻譯
二、中美之間的文化差異.
2.1語言和非語言行爲差異.中國自古講究禮儀,言語當中多是體現自謙和敬人.在聽到別人讚揚時,中國人一般表示用謙詞來表示謙虛.中國人在交談中必須使用稱謂,以示對對方的尊敬.美國人講究平等,在美國晚輩可以直呼長輩和上司的名字.對於別人的讚揚,美國人則會表示感謝,接受讚揚.非語言行爲上的差異很大,僅列舉以下兩例就可見一斑：目不轉睛地看.中國人以此表示好奇或驚奇,美國人認爲這是不禮貌、使人發窘的行爲.把手伸向被叫人,手心向上,握拳用食指前後擺動.中國人對此反感,美國人以此表示叫別人過來.2.2風俗習慣差異.風俗習慣主要包括一些社交活動.中國人在日常生活和工作中愛面子,非常在意自己在別人心目中的形象,怕被人笑話、議論和誤解.美國人則比較實際,不會太在意別人的看法.美國人在與人交往時不會詢問對方的年齡、收入、婚姻等方面,他們認爲侵犯了他人的隱私權；而在中國卻經常詢問這些內容.美國人喜歡直率地表達自己的觀點,中國人則以一種委婉的方式來表達意思.美國人一旦被問及某事,一般必須給予一個比較明確的答覆.而中國人提倡「沉默是金」.在美國常見到長輩與晚輩見面時相互拍肩膀、親吻的情形,而在中國幾乎很少見到這樣的場景.美國人非常守時,而中國人往往可以理解有原因的遲到.在許多生活習慣上中美之間的差異還是非常明顯的.
2.3思維方式差異.中美思維差異主要體現在整體思維和個體思維的對立上.中國文化側重整體思維,整體思維就是按照整體的觀點來觀察和思考世間萬物,分析問題總是從事物的總體出發,注重思考整體事物整體功能、複雜關係和運行過程,而不注重事物的內部結構.美國人側重個體思維方式,它把複雜的事物分解成簡單的要素,逐個地進行研究.
2.4價值觀差異.中美價值觀的差異主要體現在集體主義和個人主義的對立上.中國人的核心價值觀念是集體主義,它認爲和諧的人際關係是社會的基礎.因此中國人以和爲貴,並非常重視特定集體的利益或價值.美國文化價值觀的核心是個人主義,即以個人爲本位的人生哲學.其主要內容是相信個人價值,高度重視個人自由,強調個人的自我支配、自我控制、自我發展

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Second,the cultural differences between China and the U.S..
2.1 The difference between verbal and nonverbal behavior.China since ancient times,etiquette,speech which mostly reflect the modesty and respect people.When they hear others praised the Chinese people are generally expressed in terms expressed by Qian modest.Chinese people must use the title in the conversation,to show respect for each other.Americans pay attention to equality in the United States can address him by the elders and younger boss's name.For others commended,Americans will be grateful to receive praise.Differences in nonverbal behavior of large,to name just two examples can be seen the following:watching intently.Chinese people as an expression of curiosity or surprise,the Americans think this is rude behavior of people embarrassment.Reach out to callee,palms up,make a fist with the index finger back and forth.Chinese,this offensive,that is called Americans as people over.2.2 The customs differences.Customs,including a number of social activities.Chinese people in daily life and work face-saving,very concerned about their image in the eyes of others,fear of being ridiculed,discussions and misunderstandings.Americans are more practical,not too concerned about the opinions of others.Americans with people will not ask each other's age,income,marriage,etc.,they believe infringe the privacy of others; in China is often asked these elements.Americans like to express their views frankly,the Chinese Zeyi a tactful way to express meaning.When asked about something the Americans in general must be given a more clear answer.The Chinese people advocate,"silence is golden." Common to the elders in the United States to meet with each other when younger Paijian Bang,kissing the case,but rarely seen in China,such a scenario.Americans are very punctual,and the Chinese people can often understand a reason for being late.In many lifestyle differences between the United States is still very obvious.
2.3 way of thinking different.Sino-US differences mainly reflected in the overall thinking,thinking and individual thinking on the opposition.Chinese cultural emphasis on holistic thinking,holistic thinking is in accordance with the overall point of view to observe and think things in the world,analyzing the totality of what starting always,pay attention to the overall function of the whole thing thinking,complex relationships and operational processes,rather than on the internal structure of things .Americans focus on the individual way of thinking,it is to break down complex things into simple elements,one by one study.
2.4 Value Differences.American values,the difference mainly in collectivism and individualism on the opposition.Chinese people are the core values of collectivism,it believed that a harmonious interpersonal relationship is the foundation of society.Therefore,the Chinese people is precious,and attach great importance or value of certain collective interests.Is the core of American cultural values of individualism,that is,individual-based philosophy of life.The main content is the belief that personal values,attached great importance to personal freedom,emphasis on individual self-domination,self-control,self-development